Short answer: Fertility gradually declines with age, primarily because egg quality deteriorates. The decline starts slowly around age 32 and accelerates after about 37. Both the chance of getting pregnant and the risk of miscarriage are affected. This is about statistics for groups – not a definitive answer for individuals.
Quantity and quality
Two things change with age: the number of eggs (ovarian reserve) decreases, and the quality of the eggs deteriorates. Women are born with all their eggs, and the number gradually declines throughout life. At the same time, the proportion of eggs with chromosomal abnormalities increases, making it more difficult to achieve a healthy pregnancy.
What does research say?
According to a review from ASRM, fertility begins to decline noticeably around age 32 and more rapidly after 37. The proportion of eggs with chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy) is relatively low between 20 and 34 years, but rises significantly from age 35 onwards. This explains why both the chance of pregnancy decreases and the risk of miscarriage increases with advancing age.
What can be done?
Age cannot be influenced, but knowledge allows for planning. If you wish to become pregnant at an older age, it may be wise not to wait too long to seek help if it doesn't happen naturally. A healthy lifestyle supports overall reproductive health, and for those who wish, there is the option to talk to a clinic about, for example, egg freezing.
Frequently asked questions
Can egg quality be improved?
Aging cannot be reversed, but diet, lifestyle, and certain nutrients are being studied to support the egg environment. The ovarian reserve itself cannot be increased.
When does fertility decline the most?
Gradually from around 32 years, and more rapidly after about 37.
This article is general information and does not constitute medical advice. Your situation is individual – consult healthcare professionals with any questions.
Sources
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Female age-related fertility decline. Fertility and Sterility.