Short answer: Melatonin is the body's own sleep hormone and also an antioxidant, and it has been studied as a supplement in IVF. Limited evidence suggests that melatonin may increase the number of mature eggs and good quality embryos, and possibly the clinical pregnancy rate. However, the evidence is of low quality and the effect on live birth rates is unclear. Always consult your fertility clinic.
What is melatonin and how is it linked to egg quality?
Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily in the pineal gland that helps regulate the circadian rhythm and sleep. In addition to its role in sleep, melatonin also functions as an antioxidant, meaning a substance that can counteract so-called oxidative stress in cells. Researchers have become interested in this because the egg follicle contains melatonin, and they have wanted to investigate whether the substance can protect the egg during maturation. However, it is important to emphasize that this is an area where knowledge is still being developed.
What does research say about melatonin in IVF?
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials from 2020 compiled ten studies and found that melatonin supplementation was associated with more retrieved eggs, more mature eggs, and more good quality embryos, as well as a slightly higher clinical pregnancy rate. However, the same analysis could not show any definite effect on the live birth rate, and the authors judged the evidence to be consistently of low quality. The results should therefore be interpreted with caution.
A broader Cochrane review on antioxidants in female infertility, which covered a range of substances including melatonin, concluded that the scientific basis is too uncertain to determine whether antioxidants improve the chance of live birth. In summary, the available evidence thus suggests possible positive effects on egg maturation, but without providing a definitive answer about what matters most to most people: a child in their arms.
How much, when, and what remains uncertain?
The studies conducted have used different doses and timing schedules, often during the weeks before and during IVF stimulation, which makes it difficult to pinpoint a single "correct" dose. Since melatonin affects sleep and circadian rhythm, and can interact with other medications, this is not something one should start on one's own before or during treatment. In Sweden, melatonin is also a drug, not a common dietary supplement, which makes it extra important to go through healthcare.
What can you do with your clinic?
If you are curious about melatonin, the best step is to raise the question with your doctor or fertility clinic, who knows your situation and your treatment plan. They can take into account any other medications, your sleep, and your individual circumstances. Many clinics primarily focus on well-established foundations such as a nutritious diet, reasonable weight, smoking cessation, and good sleep, and view supplements as a complement rather than a solution in themselves.
Frequently asked questions
Can melatonin improve my eggs if I take it on my own?
There is no definite support for this, and in Sweden, melatonin is a drug that affects sleep and circadian rhythm. Therefore, always discuss the matter with healthcare providers before considering it, especially during ongoing fertility treatment.
Do more mature eggs mean I will have a baby?
Not necessarily. Studies suggest more mature eggs and good quality embryos, but the effect on live birth rates is still unclear according to the limited evidence.
Is melatonin dangerous to take during IVF?
Studies have not shown any clear signs of increased side effects, but the evidence is limited. Your clinic can best assess what is appropriate for you.
This text is general information and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your doctor or fertility clinic before starting supplements or medications, especially in connection with fertility treatment.