Short answer: During pregnancy, the advice is a maximum of 200 mg of caffeine per day, in total from coffee, tea, energy drinks and other sources. Caffeine content varies by drink and portion size. Research on the period leading up to pregnancy does not provide the same clear guidance as the advice for pregnancy.
How much is 200 mg of caffeine?
Caffeine content varies between drinks, but as a rough guideline, 200 mg is equivalent to approximately two to three cups of filter coffee. Caffeine is also found in tea, energy drinks, cola and chocolate, and all of this counts towards the daily total. Because the content varies greatly between products and brewing strength, it is difficult to give exact figures – see the amounts as approximate rather than absolute.
Caffeine and the chance of becoming pregnant
A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis compiling observational studies found no clear link between coffee or caffeine intake and the chance of becoming pregnant, whether through natural conception or fertility treatment. Most of the evidence is based on observational studies, which can be influenced by other factors, and the authors describe the associations as weak. Therefore, interpret the results with caution.
Caffeine during pregnancy – what the authorities say
When it comes to pregnancy, the advice is more cautious. The Swedish Food Agency recommends that pregnant women limit their total caffeine intake to a maximum of 200 mg per day. EFSA, the EU's food safety authority, has made a similar assessment and believes that habitual intake of up to around 200 mg per day does not appear to cause safety issues for the fetus. The background is that higher intake in epidemiological studies has been linked to an increased risk of miscarriage as well as lower birth weight.
Practical thoughts if you are trying to get pregnant
Based on current evidence, there is rarely a reason to completely avoid coffee solely to increase the chance of becoming pregnant, but many still choose to stay within 200 mg per day even during the trying period – partly because you often do not know you are pregnant in early pregnancy. This is an area where you are welcome to check in with a midwife or healthcare provider based on your own situation.
Frequently asked questions
Do I have to stop coffee completely if I am trying to get pregnant?
No, there is no strong evidence to support completely avoiding it. Research suggests a weak or no link between moderate caffeine intake and the chance of becoming pregnant. Many still choose to stay within approximately 200 mg per day as a precaution.
Do tea, soda and chocolate count towards the limit?
Yes. The recommendation of 200 mg refers to the total caffeine intake from all sources during the day, not just coffee. Tea, energy drinks, cola and chocolate also contribute.
Does caffeine affect male fertility?
The evidence for male fertility and sperm quality is more limited and uncertain. At present, no certain conclusions can be drawn, and we have not been able to substantiate this as well as the effects in women.
This text is general information and not medical advice. Always consult a midwife, doctor or other healthcare professional for advice tailored to your situation.
Sources
- Swedish Food Agency – Caffeine: advice for pregnant and breastfeeding women (2019)
- EFSA – Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine (2015)
- Lyngsø et al. – Association between coffee or caffeine consumption and fecundity and fertility: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, Clinical Epidemiology (2017), PubMed